Suchergebnisse

This chapter explores whether and how the incumbent party in Turkey benefits electorally from its partisan ties at the sub-national level. This is an especially important question given the dominance of the nationally ruling party, Justice and Development Party, in Turkish electoral politics and growing concerns about the fairness of elections due to the Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi (AKP) incumbency advantage. The chapter investigates under what conditions and how national incumbent parties benefit electorally from their partisan ties with sub-national governments. It discusses the prevalence of patronage and clientelism referred to by many scholars, who have tried to understand the mechanisms of patron–client relationships in Turkey and their consequences for the party system, the representation of citizen interests, governability and democratic accountability. The chapter provides information about Turkish local governments and their budgetary opportunities, before discussing the possibilities for political manipulation that arise from intergovernmental fiscal ties. It argues that increased municipality healthcare spending brings votes for the AKP nationally.

Saltık-nâme is a text describing the adventures of the hero, who is known by different names (such as Sarı Saltık, Hızır, Şerif, Server) and who led the people with his religious and military characteristics during the Turkification of Anatolia and the Balkans. Saltik Gazi Epic has been published many times by different researchers under the name of Saltıknâme. While there were missing chapters and pages in the previous publications, the relatively recent copy in Necati Demir's personal library has a complete beginning and end. According to this copy (ND), the work consists of 3 volumes and 42 chapters. Saltık-nâme, one of the literary texts of Turkish Folk Literature that depends on the principle of narration, has a rich content that includes the features of different narrative genres. In Saltık-nâme, it is possible to find the features of the myth, romance and novel genres of Western literature, as well as the features of literary genres such as legends, tales, epics, menakibnames and folk tales belonging to the old periods of Turkish Literature. In this study, the fictional structure of the fable-like episode "Sayyid Sharif's Going to Mount Kaf" was examined, and examples from the text were given by taking 20 basic fiction-type scales that Ronald B. Tobias stated in his book "The Art of Writing Novels". In the study, sampling and comparison method was used. In the conclusion part, it is proposed to carry out studies similar to the "Death of King Arthur" narrative according to the findings. Keywords: Saltık-nâme, Sarı Saltık, Mount Kaf, Narrative, Epic, Tale, Ronald B. Tobias, Fiction

There are four basic skills in foreign language teaching: listening, reading, speaking and writing. These skills are interrelated. One affects the other. Writing skill in foreign language teaching is as important as listening, reading and speaking skills. In this study, the effects of creative writing methods and techniques on the writing skills of A1 and A2 level cognates who learn Turkish as a foreign language were investigated. Creative writing techniques and methods were applied to cognates at A1 and A2 levels.It was investigated whether the creative writing techniques and methods applied had an effect on cognate students learning Turkish as a foreign language.The study group of the research consists of 24 students at A1 level and 23 students at A2 level studying at Bilim Innovation Girls High School in Shymkent, Kazakhstan in the 2021-2022 academic year. case study was used as one of the qualitative research methods. The last creative writing activity was determined as a data collection tool in the study.The findings obtained at the end of the study were evaluated and interpreted according to the Creative Writing Competencies criteria in the European Language Portfolio by using the observation method. as the creative writing activities applied as a result of the research change it is seen that different objects emerge. It is observed that this creative writing skills that are applied differs according to male and female students and female students are more successful in creative writing and creative thinking. Key words: Creative writing, Teaching Turkish language, methods, foreign language

"At-tawheedu isqāt al-idhāfāt", which is a definition of tawheed, that states "tawheed is to deny the attributes" is a concept of tawheed belonging to high mysticism. One of the evaluations made about the tawheed of "isqāt al-idhāfāt" attributed to Junaid Baghdadi, is that it is the tawheed of true tawheed and havâssu'l-havâss. Isqāt al-idhāfāt tawheed is also presented as a benchmark, which is an important criterion of true tawheed in sufi literature. The fact that havâssu'l-havâss is a definition of tawheed is sufficient evidence to express its difficulty. It is for this reason that it is said that " isqāt al-idhāfāt, which is the perfection of tawheed, is one of the intensified and difficult tasks of arbāb-i tahqīq". When the isqāt al-idhāfāt tawheed is evaluated within the framework of the Sunni mysticism and unity of existing paradigms, some interpretation differences arise. This definition of tawheed has been mentioned a lot in the verse and prose texts of classical Turkish literature. When isqāt al-idhāfāt tawheed, (which has different interpretations), is used for human beings and other creatures, it does not give a real effect to bad thoughts, causes, and reduces the existence of creatures to the level of imagination and does not give them the rank of real existence (wujud-u-genuki); When used for the divine essence, it is based on the concept of Ahadiyet. As far as it is known, Farid al-Din Attar was the first person to use the term "isqāt al-idhāfāt" in poetry. Attar uses the term isqāt al-idhāfāt in Asrār-nāmeh's tawheed ode with the phrase "که التوحید اسقاط الإضافات / Ki al-tawheedu isqāt al-idhāfāt". This usage has been quoted by both Persian literature poets and classical Turkish literature poets. The concepts of tajrīd, tefrīd, abandonment and unity of tawheed-i misākī have a very close connection with the concept of isqāt al-idhāfāt. Key Words: Tawheed (Monotheism), Tajrīd, Oneness, Abandoning, Ahadiyet